AI魔法实验室
严谨的课程结构整合了四个主要部分:人工智能基础、大模型生成(GenAI 与 LLM)、智能体与进化计算(作为香港理工大学特色突出展示),以及伦理。课程逻辑按顺序推进:感知与数据(第1-3讲)、认知与生成(第4-6讲)、智能体与进化(第7-9讲),最后以伦理与未来(第10讲)收尾。
课程概述
📚 内容概要
“AI魔法实验室”是一门严谨且融合贯通的课程,旨在提供对现代人工智能的深度、递进式理解。课程分为四个逐步推进的模块:基础概念(感知与数据)、高级生成能力(通过大语言模型和扩散模型实现的认知与生成)、自主系统(智能体与进化计算)以及伦理治理(伦理与未来)。学生将从理解数据的原始数值表示开始,逐步掌握复杂系统设计,最终形成对负责任的人工智能创造与部署的全面认知。
本课程提供对现代人工智能的严谨、综合理解,涵盖核心数据基础、大型语言模型(LLM)生成技术、自主智能体的架构,以及实现负责任部署所必需的关键伦理考量。
🎯 学习目标
- 掌握人工智能感知、数据表示(张量)及分类等基础监督学习任务的核心知识。
- 理解并控制大型语言模型(LLM)和生成式AI,通过序列预测、注意力机制以及高级提示工程技巧加以应用。
- 设计并分析智能体,将感知-决策-行动循环与基于种群的先进优化方法(如进化计算)相结合。
- 区分生成式与判别式人工智能,并解释文本到图像生成中扩散模型的机械工作原理。
- 评估当代人工智能固有的伦理挑战(数据偏见、模型幻觉、深度伪造),并提出促进人机共生的负责任策略。
课程 共 10 课时 · 预计 20.0h
课程
Lesson
This lesson introduces the fundamentals of Computer Vision by explaining how machines interpret images as grids of numerical pixel data. Students will learn how computers use RGB color models and feature extraction to identify shapes, edges, and patterns within digital images.
This lesson explores how computers use encoding to translate non-structured data, like images and sounds, into numerical formats that machines can process. Students learn that vectors and tensors serve as the essential mathematical containers that organize this data, allowing AI models to identify patterns and learn effectively.
This lesson introduces supervised learning, where humans provide labeled training data to help AI identify patterns and establish decision boundaries for classification. Students learn how to evaluate these models by calculating accuracy and avoiding the pitfalls of overfitting.
This lesson explores how AI processes language by breaking text into numerical tokens and managing memory through a limited context window. Students will also learn how the Attention Mechanism acts as a digital spotlight, allowing the AI to identify and focus on the most relevant words to understand complex meanings.
This lesson introduces prompt engineering as a powerful skill that allows you to use natural language to command AI, which functions as a sophisticated prediction engine. By mastering the "Prompt Blueprint"—consisting of instructions, context, and output—along with techniques like personas and few-shot learning, you can transform from a passive user into an architect of information.
This lesson explores the difference between discriminative AI, which sorts existing data, and generative AI, which creates new content from scratch. Students learn how generative models use a process called diffusion to transform random, high-entropy noise into clear, detailed images through iterative de-noising.
This lesson introduces the Perception-Decision-Action (PDA) loop, the continuous cycle that allows intelligent agents to observe their environment, plan goals, and take action. Students will also learn how sensors and actuators serve as the essential bridge between an agent's digital logic and the physical or virtual world.
This lesson introduces Evolutionary Computation, a method that mimics natural selection to solve complex problems by iteratively improving digital solutions. Students learn how to evolve AI by testing the performance of "phenotypes" and using genetic processes like mutation and crossover to refine their underlying "genotype" code.
This lesson explores how multi-agent systems use communication, collaboration, and competition to solve complex problems more effectively than a single AI. Students learn how decentralized "swarm intelligence" allows groups of agents to achieve emergent, coordinated behavior by following simple local rules.
This lesson explores the ethical challenges of AI, including algorithmic bias, hallucinations, and the risks of intentional deception through deepfakes. Students learn the importance of digital literacy and the "Human-in-the-Loop" approach, which emphasizes that humans must remain the final supervisors to ensure technology is used fairly and accurately.