【PEP】Senior High Biology Elective Compulsory Book 3
This course, based on the high school biology elective compulsory textbook 3 (PEP edition), systematically explains the core areas of modern biotechnology. The content covers the fundamental theories of fermentation engineering, cell engineering, and genetic engineering along with their practical applications, and also explores the safety and ethical issues of biotechnology. Integrating an 'inquiry and practice' component, this textbook aims to cultivate students' experimental skills and scientific thinking.
Lessons
Lesson
本课程介绍了发酵工程的基本原理与现代应用，重点探讨了微生物在不同氧气条件下的代谢差异，如乳酸发酵、酒精发酵及醋酸发酵的生化逻辑。学习目标在于掌握无菌技术、培养基配制以及如何通过精密控制发酵环境（如温度、溶氧、pH）来实现高效的工业化生产。
本课程深入探讨了植物与动物细胞工程的核心技术，重点介绍了植物组织培养、体细胞杂交及动物细胞培养的原理与应用。通过学习脱分化、再分化、原生质体融合及细胞传代等关键流程，学生将理解如何利用细胞全能性与工程手段实现作物改良、脱毒育种及生物制药的工厂化生产。
本课程介绍了基因工程的核心工具——限制性内切核酸酶与DNA连接酶，并阐述了如何利用工程化思维（DBTV循环）通过目的基因筛选、载体构建、导入及检测等步骤实现生物性状的精准重塑。学习重点在于理解限制酶的特异性识别与切割逻辑、DNA连接酶的缝合机制，以及这些技术在农业与医药等领域的广泛应用。
本课重点探讨了基因工程作为“双刃剑”的科学内涵、应用价值及潜在的社会伦理挑战。通过学习基因工程的核心工具与应用，学生应掌握如何基于科学证据与逻辑思维理性看待转基因安全性，并理解我国“研究上要大胆、推广上要慎重、管理上要严格”的生物安全管理方针。
Course Overview
📚 Content Summary
This course, based on the high school biology elective compulsory textbook 3, systematically explains the core areas of modern biotechnology. The content covers the fundamental theories of fermentation engineering, cell engineering, and genetic engineering, along with their practical applications, and discusses the safety and ethical issues of biotechnology. This textbook incorporates 'Inquiry & Practice' sections, aiming to cultivate students' experimental skills and scientific thinking.
Explore the mysteries of life engineering, from traditional fermentation to the cutting-edge wisdom of gene editing.
Author: Zhu Zhengwei, Zhao Zhanliang
Acknowledgments: Reviewed and approved by the National Textbook Committee Experts in 2019
🎯 Learning Objectives
- Elucidate principles: Be able to explain the production principles and reaction equations of traditional fermented foods (such as pickled vegetables, fruit wine, fruit vinegar).
- Master techniques: Proficiently describe the key operational points of aseptic technique for microbial culture, the streak plate method, and the spread plate method.
- Analyze engineering: Be able to identify the basic steps of fermentation engineering and analyze its differences from traditional fermentation techniques in strain selection, process control, and product extraction.
- Elucidate the technical principles of plant tissue culture and somatic cell hybridization, citing examples of plant cell engineering applications in agriculture and industry.
- Explain the process and conditions of animal cell culture and the application value of stem cells, describe animal somatic cell nuclear transfer technology and the significance of cloned animals.
- Briefly describe the physiological basis of fertilization, understand the physiological basis of embryo transfer, and the principles and key operational points of embryo splitting technology.
- Be able to briefly describe the functions of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases and their roles in recombinant DNA technology.
- Be able to summarize the components of a gene expression vector and explain the function of each part.
- Be able to describe the basic principles and process of PCR technology and understand its application in obtaining target genes.
- Be able to rationally view the safety controversies surrounding genetically modified products and explain China's management policies and labeling system for genetic modification technology.
Lessons
Overview: This lesson covers the evolution from traditional household fermentation techniques to modern industrial fermentation engineering. The core content revolves around the application of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and acetic acid bacteria in food production, delves into key techniques of microbial culture (such as media preparation, aseptic technique, and pure culture methods), and finally showcases the large-scale application processes and societal value of fermentation engineering in medicine, food, and agriculture.
Learning Outcomes:
- Elucidate principles: Be able to explain the production principles and reaction equations of traditional fermented foods (such as pickled vegetables, fruit wine, fruit vinegar).
- Master techniques: Proficiently describe the key operational points of aseptic technique for microbial culture, the streak plate method, and the spread plate method.
- Analyze engineering: Be able to identify the basic steps of fermentation engineering and analyze its differences from traditional fermentation techniques in strain selection, process control, and product extraction.
Overview: This unit covers bioengineering techniques ranging from the microscopic cellular level to the level of individual organism development. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and technological breakthroughs of plant cell engineering (tissue culture and hybridization), animal cell engineering (cell culture, nuclear transfer, and stem cells), and embryo engineering (fertilization, transfer, and splitting), aiming to reveal how artificial intervention can achieve species improvement, bioproduct production, and resource conservation.
Learning Outcomes:
- Elucidate the technical principles of plant tissue culture and somatic cell hybridization, citing examples of plant cell engineering applications in agriculture and industry.
- Explain the process and conditions of animal cell culture and the application value of stem cells, describe animal somatic cell nuclear transfer technology and the significance of cloned animals.
- Briefly describe the physiological basis of fertilization, understand the physiological basis of embryo transfer, and the principles and key operational points of embryo splitting technology.
Overview: This lesson introduces in detail the three core tools of genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology): restriction endonucleases, DNA ligases, and vectors. Based on this, it systematically elaborates on the four basic operational procedures of genetic engineering: screening and obtaining the target gene (with emphasis on PCR technology), constructing the gene expression vector, introducing the target gene into the recipient cell (with emphasis on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method), and detecting and identifying the target gene. Finally, it demonstrates the wide application of genetic engineering through cases in agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine, and food industries.
Learning Outcomes:
- Be able to briefly describe the functions of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases and their roles in recombinant DNA technology.
- Be able to summarize the components of a gene expression vector and explain the function of each part.
- Be able to describe the basic principles and process of PCR technology and understand its application in obtaining target genes.
Overview: This lesson focuses on the safety controversies and ethical conflicts arising from biotechnology while it benefits humanity. Through rational analysis of the safety of genetically modified products, China's management policies for agricultural genetically modified organisms, and in-depth discussions on the ethical issues of reproductive cloning of humans, it guides students to establish a scientific and rational value system, clarifying China's guiding principle: "Be bold in research, be prudent in promotion, and be strict in management."
Learning Outcomes:
- Be able to rationally view the safety controversies surrounding genetically modified products and explain China's management policies and labeling system for genetic modification technology.
- Be able to distinguish between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning, and analyze the ethical dilemmas facing reproductive cloning of humans.
- Be able to analyze and discuss topics related to biosafety and ethics encountered in daily life based on scientific facts.