【People's Education Press】High School Geography Compulsory Volume 1
This course is the first volume of the compulsory high school geography textbook, systematically introducing fundamental physical geography knowledge such as Earth in the universe, Earth's atmosphere, Earth's water, common landform types, vegetation and soil, and natural disasters, aiming to develop students' core geographical literacy.
Course Overview
📚 Content Summary
This course is the first volume of the compulsory high school geography textbook, systematically introducing fundamental physical geography knowledge such as Earth in the universe, Earth's atmosphere, Earth's water, common landform types, vegetation and soil, and natural disasters. It aims to cultivate students' core geographical literacy.
Explore natural geographic patterns and unlock the scientific mysteries of our planetary home.
Author: Fan Jie, Gao Junchang
Acknowledgments: Reviewed and approved by the National Textbook Committee Expert Committee 2019
🎯 Learning Objectives
- Identify and Describe: Accurately describe Earth’s position within multi-level celestial systems, and distinguish the structural characteristics of Earth’s internal (crust, mantle, core) and external (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere) layers.
- Analyze and Summarize: Analyze the specific impacts of solar radiation and solar activity on Earth’s natural environment and human activities; summarize the patterns of geological time division and the main trends of biological evolution during each stage.
- Apply and Explore: Use fossil and stratigraphic knowledge to explain Earth’s history, and conduct scientific exploration into design schemes for a Mars base based on survival environment factors.
- Identify atmospheric components and explain the ecological significance of key substances such as carbon dioxide and ozone.
- Describe the characteristics of atmospheric vertical layering and explain the relationship between the troposphere and stratosphere with human activities.
- Apply principles of atmospheric heating processes to explain geographical phenomena such as the greenhouse effect and diurnal temperature variation.
- Master the Water Cycle: Accurately identify the stages and types of the water cycle, and explain their significance for water balance and material transfer.
- Analyze Seawater Properties: Summarize the patterns of seawater temperature, salinity, and density changes with latitude and depth, and understand the geographical factors influencing them.
- Evaluate Seawater Motion: Distinguish the causes and characteristics of waves, tides, and ocean currents, and analyze how ocean currents affect climate, marine life, and shipping.
- Identify and Describe: Accurately recognize the specific forms of karst (surface and subsurface), fluvial (V-shaped valleys, deltas, etc.), aeolian (crescent dunes), and coastal landforms.
Lessons 共 6 课时 · 预计 18.0h
Lessons
Lesson
本课程介绍了地球在宇宙中的位置、太阳系的结构特征以及太阳辐射与活动对地球环境的影响。学生将学习如何通过天体系统层级、行星运行规律及太阳能量机制，理解地球作为生命摇篮的特殊性与演化逻辑。
本课主要探讨了大气的组成成分、垂直分层结构及其热力运动规律，重点分析了大气作为地球“保护伞”和“保温毯”的物理机制。通过学习大气受热过程及海陆热力环流原理，学生将理解大气环境如何影响人类活动及地理现象。
本课深入探讨了地球水循环的动态平衡原理、核心环节及其对全球气候调节、地貌塑造和物质迁移的宏观意义。通过分析人类活动（如大气污染、砂田农业）对水循环的影响，学生将理解如何通过科学手段优化资源利用并维护生态平衡。
本课程通过“中国天眼”选址大窝凼的案例，深入探讨了喀斯特地貌的形成机制、演变规律及其对工程建设的影响。学习重点涵盖了喀斯特地貌（如溶沟、峰丛、溶洞）的科学特征、流水地貌（如V形谷、河曲、牛轭湖）的演变逻辑，以及如何通过观察地貌形态来分析其功能与环境价值。
本课重点探讨了植被的分类、垂直结构及其对环境的适应机制，分析了从热带雨林到荒漠等不同气候带下植被的生存策略。通过学习植被与气候、地形及土壤的动态平衡关系，学生能够理解自然地理环境的整体性，并掌握植被演化与环境响应的地理规律。
本课重点介绍了自然灾害的科学定义、分类及我国面临的严峻灾情，强调了“以防为主，防抗救相结合”的综合减灾方略。通过学习地震参数、气象灾害（台风、寒潮、旱涝）的成因与分布，学生将掌握利用地理信息技术进行监测预警，并提升在城镇规划与日常生活中应对灾害的防灾意识与避险能力。