Rust 编程语言
一份全面的 Rust 入门指南,涵盖系统编程概念、内存安全、并发以及 Rust 工具链(Cargo、rustup)。课程从基础语法逐步过渡到构建完整项目,例如一个多线程网络服务器。
课程概述
📚 内容概要
一本全面的 Rust 入门指南,涵盖系统编程概念、内存安全、并发编程以及 Rust 工具链(Cargo、rustup)。内容从基础语法逐步过渡到构建完整项目,例如一个多线程网络服务器。
掌握安全、高效且并发的系统编程艺术,尽在 Rust 的权威指南。
作者: 斯蒂夫·克拉布尼克(Steve Klabnik)和卡罗尔·尼科尔斯(Carol Nichols),并由 Rust 社区贡献
致谢: 感谢 Rust 社区的贡献;由 No Starch Press 出版,提供平装本和电子书格式。
🎯 学习目标
- 成功使用
rustup在不同操作系统上安装和管理 Rust 工具链。 - 编写、编译并运行一个基本的 Rust 程序,识别代码的核心结构组件。
- 使用 Cargo 创建标准化项目结构,管理构建过程,并生成优化的发布版本二进制文件。
- 捕获并存储用户输入,同时处理变量可变性及潜在的 I/O 失败。
- 使用 Cargo 集成外部依赖,并通过
Cargo.lock管理可复现的构建。 - 使用类型推断、字符串解析、循环和
match控制流操作符实现游戏逻辑。 - 区分常量与变量遮蔽,以管理数据不可变性和作用域。
- 正确实现标量类型(整数、浮点数、布尔值、字符)和复合类型(元组、数组)。
- 区分语句与表达式,以定义具有特定返回值的函数。
- 区分栈内存与堆内存,并解释 Rust 如何管理堆上的数据。
课程 共 21 课时 · 预计 63.0h
课程
Lesson
This lesson introduces the Rust programming language, focusing on its core philosophy of developer empowerment, memory safety, and high-performance systems programming. Students will learn to navigate the Rust ecosystem, including the Cargo package manager, the six-week release cycle, and the importance of accessible documentation.
This lesson introduces interactive programming in Rust by teaching students how to handle console input and output using the standard library and macros. You will learn to manage program state through variables and mutability while implementing a basic guessing game that processes user input.
This lesson covers fundamental programming concepts in Rust, focusing on the use of constants for memory safety and performance through compile-time evaluation. Students will learn how to declare constants with explicit type annotations and distinguish them from mutable variables to ensure code reliability.
This lesson explores how Rust achieves memory safety and high performance by replacing manual memory management and garbage collection with a compile-time ownership system. Students will learn how the borrow checker enforces strict rules to prevent common memory bugs while ensuring efficient, predictable execution.
This lesson explores the transition from handling raw data using slices and arrays to organizing information into defined structures. You will learn how to master struct syntax, manage member access, and improve code clarity by moving beyond anonymous memory types to domain-specific schemas.
This lesson explores the power of Rust enums, focusing on how they provide type safety, namespacing, and exhaustive state management through pattern matching. Students will learn to define multi-variant enums with associated data and implement robust logic using match expressions to handle various program states.
This lesson explores Rust's hierarchical module system, teaching students how to organize code into packages, crates, and modules to improve scalability and maintainability. You will learn how to manage item visibility with the `pub` keyword and structure projects using a dual-crate architecture to separate core logic from executable interfaces.
This lesson explores how Rust manages heap-allocated collections like vectors and strings, focusing on dynamic memory growth and the role of the Drop trait in RAII-based memory safety. Students will also learn to navigate Rust's module system, including file resolution rules and idiomatic path management using pub use.
This lesson explores Rust's philosophy of reliability by distinguishing between recoverable errors, which are managed via the Result type, and unrecoverable errors, which trigger a panic to ensure system integrity. Students will learn to implement the fail-fast principle and design robust recovery mechanisms to prevent silent data corruption and maintain predictable application states.
This lesson explores the path to robust abstraction in Rust by demonstrating how to refactor duplicate code into concrete functions before transitioning to generic types. Students will learn to identify logic duplication, implement traits for shared behavior, and utilize lifetime annotations to manage complex ownership scenarios.
This lesson explores the role of automated testing in Rust, highlighting how the #[test] attribute and the cargo test toolchain complement the compiler to ensure functional correctness. Students will learn the standard test lifecycle—setup, execution, and assertion—while mastering techniques like conditional compilation and documentation testing to build robust, reliable software.
This lesson explores how to build a robust command-line tool in Rust by separating core logic into a library crate and keeping the binary crate minimal. Students will learn to implement modular project structures, manage command-line arguments, and utilize Rust’s testing framework to ensure code reliability.
This lesson explores Rust's functional programming features, focusing on how closures capture their environment using the Fn, FnMut, and FnOnce traits. Students will learn to implement efficient, zero-cost data pipelines by utilizing lazy iterator adaptors and consumers to replace manual loops.
This lesson covers advanced Cargo project management, including the use of workspaces, custom build logic, and the Crates.io publishing workflow. Students will also learn how to optimize Rust applications by configuring release profiles and feature flags to balance compilation speed with runtime performance.
This lesson explores the Rust smart pointer pattern, which uses structs to encapsulate memory addresses with metadata and custom logic for ownership and cleanup. Students will learn how to implement the Deref and Drop traits to manage heap-allocated data safely and effectively.
This lesson explores Rust's "Fearless Concurrency" philosophy, which leverages the ownership model and type system to detect data races at compile-time rather than runtime. Students will learn to implement safe shared state using primitives like Arc and Mutex while mastering the Send and Sync marker traits to ensure thread safety.
This lesson explores how Rust implements object-oriented principles like encapsulation and polymorphism by favoring composition and traits over traditional class-based inheritance. Students will learn to leverage the State-as-Type pattern to enforce logic and safety at compile-time, ensuring robust and maintainable systems programming.
This lesson explores the fundamental role of pattern matching in Rust, demonstrating how patterns function as the core mechanism for variable binding, function parameters, and data destructuring. Students will learn to distinguish between irrefutable and refutable patterns to ensure code reliability and master the use of advanced structural decomposition techniques.
This lesson explores the necessity of Unsafe Rust as a controlled mechanism to bypass the compiler's conservative static analysis when interacting with hardware or complex memory operations. Students will learn to implement safe abstractions by wrapping unsafe code, mastering raw pointers, and understanding the trade-offs between compile-time safety and performance.
This lesson explores building a high-performance web server in Rust by leveraging procedural macros for compile-time routing and efficient request handling. Students will learn to manage the TcpStream lifecycle and utilize synchronization primitives to ensure robust, thread-safe communication.
This lesson explores the lexical architecture of Rust, focusing on the use of specialized literals, documentation comments, and structural symbols. Students will learn to navigate the Rust reference to effectively utilize raw strings, numeric suffixes, and diverging types to write more precise and maintainable code.