【人教版】High School Biology Selective Compulsory Volume 1

📚 Content Summary

This course, based on the compulsory elective textbook Biology for senior high school (PEP Edition), delves into the human internal environment and homeostasis, neural regulation, humoral regulation, immune regulation, and the regulation of plant life activities. Through the study of physiological mechanisms and experimental investigations, it aims to cultivate students' scientific thinking and life concepts.

Explore the mysteries of life balance, master the mechanisms of biological homeostasis and precise regulation.

Author: People's Education Press, Curriculum and Textbook Research Institute, Biology Curriculum and Textbook Research and Development Center

Acknowledgments: Reviewed and approved by the National Textbook Committee Expert Committee in 2019

🎯 Learning Objectives

1. Explain the composition of the internal environment and the interrelationships among its components, identifying blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph.
2. Summarize the physicochemical properties of the internal environment (osmotic pressure, pH, temperature) and the process of substance exchange.
3. Explain the concept of internal environment homeostasis, and infer the mechanism by which organisms maintain a stable pH through experiments.
4. Use schematic diagrams to analyze and explain the processes of hierarchical regulation and feedback regulation of thyroid hormone secretion.
5. Summarize the characteristics of hormonal regulation and understand the basic concept of humoral regulation.
6. Compare the similarities and differences between neural regulation and humoral regulation, and explain how they coordinate with each other.
7. Accurately describe the composition of immune organs, immune cells, and immune active substances, and elucidate the three basic functions of the immune system.
8. Be able to draw flowcharts of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, and explain how they coordinate to eliminate pathogens.
9. Use immunological principles to explain the mechanism of action of vaccines, the issue of immune rejection in organ transplantation, and the mechanism of allergic reactions.

🔹 Lesson 1: The Human Internal Environment and Homeostasis

Overview: This teaching design covers the core content of "The Human Internal Environment and Homeostasis" in high school biology. By exploring the dynamic relationships among blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph, students will understand the nature of the internal environment as the direct environment for cellular life and master its physicochemical properties and regulatory mechanisms. This lesson emphasizes the significance of maintaining internal environment homeostasis for life activities through the "neural-humoral-immune" regulatory network.

Learning Outcomes:

• Explain the composition of the internal environment and the interrelationships among its components, identifying blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph.
• Summarize the physicochemical properties of the internal environment (osmotic pressure, pH, temperature) and the process of substance exchange.
• Explain the concept of internal environment homeostasis, and infer the mechanism by which organisms maintain a stable pH through experiments.

🔹 Lesson 2: Neural Regulation

Overview: This course aims to help students deeply understand the structural basis, basic modes, and information transmission mechanisms of neural regulation. Through a progressive learning approach from the cellular level (neurons and glial cells) to the organ-system level (central and peripheral nervous systems), and then to the functional level (reflexes, impulse conduction, hierarchical regulation, and higher brain functions), a complete knowledge system of neural regulation is constructed. It also focuses on the harm of drug abuse to neural health.

Learning Outcomes:

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🔹 Lesson 3: Humoral Regulation

Overview: This lesson focuses on the core mechanisms and physiological examples of humoral regulation. By analyzing the logic of thyroid hormone secretion, students will understand the hierarchical and feedback regulation mechanisms of hormonal regulation and summarize characteristics such as trace amounts with high efficacy. Based on this, it delves into how the body precisely regulates body temperature, water, and salt balance through the coordinated interplay of neural and humoral regulation, thereby maintaining internal environment homeostasis.

Learning Outcomes:

• Use schematic diagrams to analyze and explain the processes of hierarchical regulation and feedback regulation of thyroid hormone secretion.
• Summarize the characteristics of hormonal regulation and understand the basic concept of humoral regulation.
• Compare the similarities and differences between neural regulation and humoral regulation, and explain how they coordinate with each other.

🔹 Lesson 4: Immune Regulation

Overview: This teaching design covers the composition and functions of the immune system and its core role in maintaining bodily homeostasis. It focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of specific immunity (humoral and cell-mediated immunity), analyzes the causes of immune dysfunction (such as allergic reactions), and introduces the practical applications of immunology in vaccination and organ transplantation.

Learning Outcomes:

• Accurately describe the composition of immune organs, immune cells, and immune active substances, and elucidate the three basic functions of the immune system.
• Be able to draw flowcharts of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, and explain how they coordinate to eliminate pathogens.
• Use immunological principles to explain the mechanism of action of vaccines, the issue of immune rejection in organ transplantation, and the mechanism of allergic reactions.

🔹 Lesson 5: Regulation of Plant Life Activities

Overview: This teaching design covers the discovery process of auxin, its synthesis, transport, and distribution, its physiological effects, as well as the types and functions of other plant hormones. Through logical analysis of classic experiments, students will understand how plants regulate their own growth and development through chemical signals (hormones). They will also master the dual nature of auxin's physiological effects and its applications in agricultural production.

Learning Outcomes:

• Critically review the experimental design approaches of scientists like Darwin and Went, and summarize the discovery process of auxin.
• Elucidate the synthesis, polar transport mechanism, and distribution patterns of auxin in plants.
• Apply the dual nature of auxin's physiological effects to explain phenomena like apical dominance, and identify the main functions of other hormones such as gibberellins and ethylene.