【人教版】Junior High Biology Grade 7 Volume 2

This textbook is a biology curriculum standard textbook for the second semester of Grade 7 in junior high school, with the theme "Humans in the Biosphere." The content covers the origin and evolution of humans, human nutrition, respiration, blood circulation, waste excretion, neural and hormonal regulation, as well as the impact of human activities on the ecological environment.

Explore the origins of life, decode the structure of the human body, and build a harmonious ecology together.

Author: People's Education Press, Curriculum and Teaching Materials Research Institute, Biology Curriculum and Teaching Materials Research and Development Center

Acknowledgments: This book was co-authored by multiple biologists and frontline teachers; images provided by Zhu Jing, Feng Yaohua, Liu Weiqiang, Ding Huanxin, Xin Tai, Li Chuan, Liu Yaqin, Chen Shuwen, Zhang Junxia, etc.; cover and layout designed by Wenlu Studio, among others.

1. Summarize that humans originated from forest-dwelling apes, and describe the changes in morphological structure and lifestyle during the evolution from ape to human.
2. Be able to distinguish between scientific facts and opinions, and understand the process of childbirth and "test-tube baby" technology.
3. Identify the physiological and psychological changes during adolescence, and develop good adolescent hygiene habits.
4. Be able to name the six types of nutrients required by the human body and their functions, and attempt to measure the energy in food.
5. Be able to describe the composition of the human digestive system, and summarize the process of food digestion and nutrient absorption.
6. Explain the characteristics of the small intestine's structure that suit its function, and explain why the small intestine is the main organ for absorption.
7. Be able to accurately name the organs composing the respiratory system, and identify the main nutritional information on food ingredient labels.
8. Explain how the structure of the respiratory tract is adapted to its function of air processing, and understand the limitations of the respiratory tract's air processing capacity.
9. Through experiments simulating diaphragm movement, explain the relationship between changes in chest cavity volume and breathing, and be able to explain practical life issues such as long-distance running and drowning rescue.
10. Be able to identify the components of blood (plasma and blood cells), and describe the main functions of each component.