【PEP】Junior High Chemistry Ninth Grade Volume 1

This textbook is an introductory chemistry textbook for Grade 9 in junior high school. It covers fundamental chemistry concepts such as basic chemical principles, air composition, the microscopic structure of matter, water resources, chemical equations, and carbon oxides, emphasizing experimental inquiry and scientific thinking.

Embark on an exploratory journey into the microscopic world, mastering the mysteries of chemical experiments and scientific inquiry.

Author: Wang Jing, Zheng Changlong

Acknowledgments: Approved by the Ministry of Education in 2012, First Prize for National Excellent Textbook in the First National Textbook Construction Award

1. Be able to list the applications of chemistry in improving pesticides and fertilizers, synthesizing drugs, developing materials, and protecting the environment, understanding "what is chemistry."
2. Understand the history of chemistry, including ancient techniques, modern atomic theory and molecular theory, as well as contemporary nanotechnology and green chemistry.
3. Accurately state the definition of chemistry: the science that studies the properties, composition, structure, and laws of change of matter at the molecular and atomic level.
4. Be able to accurately distinguish between physical changes and chemical changes, and differentiate between physical properties and chemical properties.
5. Be able to identify common chemical instruments, stating their names and main uses.
6. Master basic laboratory operations, including the proper use of reagents, heating substances, connecting apparatus, and washing equipment, according to standard procedures.
7. Be able to state the main components of air and their volume percentages, and be able to distinguish between pure substances and mixtures.
8. Master the chemical properties of oxygen (reactions with sulfur, iron, red phosphorus, etc.), and be able to identify combination reactions, decomposition reactions, and oxidation reactions.
9. Understand the principles of oxygen preparation in the laboratory (including the role of catalysts) and the physical principles of industrial oxygen production.
10. Be able to use the concepts of molecules and atoms to explain certain common phenomena, understanding the microscopic essence of chemical changes.