【PEP】Senior High Biology Elective Compulsory Book 3

📚 Content Summary

This course, based on the high school biology elective compulsory textbook 3, systematically explains the core areas of modern biotechnology. The content covers the fundamental theories of fermentation engineering, cell engineering, and genetic engineering, along with their practical applications, and discusses the safety and ethical issues of biotechnology. This textbook incorporates 'Inquiry & Practice' sections, aiming to cultivate students' experimental skills and scientific thinking.

Explore the mysteries of life engineering, from traditional fermentation to the cutting-edge wisdom of gene editing.

Author: Zhu Zhengwei, Zhao Zhanliang

Acknowledgments: Reviewed and approved by the National Textbook Committee Experts in 2019

🎯 Learning Objectives

1. Elucidate principles: Be able to explain the production principles and reaction equations of traditional fermented foods (such as pickled vegetables, fruit wine, fruit vinegar).
2. Master techniques: Proficiently describe the key operational points of aseptic technique for microbial culture, the streak plate method, and the spread plate method.
3. Analyze engineering: Be able to identify the basic steps of fermentation engineering and analyze its differences from traditional fermentation techniques in strain selection, process control, and product extraction.
4. Elucidate the technical principles of plant tissue culture and somatic cell hybridization, citing examples of plant cell engineering applications in agriculture and industry.
5. Explain the process and conditions of animal cell culture and the application value of stem cells, describe animal somatic cell nuclear transfer technology and the significance of cloned animals.
6. Briefly describe the physiological basis of fertilization, understand the physiological basis of embryo transfer, and the principles and key operational points of embryo splitting technology.
7. Be able to briefly describe the functions of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases and their roles in recombinant DNA technology.
8. Be able to summarize the components of a gene expression vector and explain the function of each part.
9. Be able to describe the basic principles and process of PCR technology and understand its application in obtaining target genes.
10. Be able to rationally view the safety controversies surrounding genetically modified products and explain China's management policies and labeling system for genetic modification technology.

🔹 Lesson 1: Fundamentals and Modern Applications of Fermentation Engineering

Overview: This lesson covers the evolution from traditional household fermentation techniques to modern industrial fermentation engineering. The core content revolves around the application of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and acetic acid bacteria in food production, delves into key techniques of microbial culture (such as media preparation, aseptic technique, and pure culture methods), and finally showcases the large-scale application processes and societal value of fermentation engineering in medicine, food, and agriculture.

Learning Outcomes:

• Elucidate principles: Be able to explain the production principles and reaction equations of traditional fermented foods (such as pickled vegetables, fruit wine, fruit vinegar).
• Master techniques: Proficiently describe the key operational points of aseptic technique for microbial culture, the streak plate method, and the spread plate method.
• Analyze engineering: Be able to identify the basic steps of fermentation engineering and analyze its differences from traditional fermentation techniques in strain selection, process control, and product extraction.

🔹 Lesson 2: Technological Breakthroughs in Cell Engineering and Embryonic Foundations

Overview: This unit covers bioengineering techniques ranging from the microscopic cellular level to the level of individual organism development. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and technological breakthroughs of plant cell engineering (tissue culture and hybridization), animal cell engineering (cell culture, nuclear transfer, and stem cells), and embryo engineering (fertilization, transfer, and splitting), aiming to reveal how artificial intervention can achieve species improvement, bioproduct production, and resource conservation.

Learning Outcomes:

• Elucidate the technical principles of plant tissue culture and somatic cell hybridization, citing examples of plant cell engineering applications in agriculture and industry.
• Explain the process and conditions of animal cell culture and the application value of stem cells, describe animal somatic cell nuclear transfer technology and the significance of cloned animals.
• Briefly describe the physiological basis of fertilization, understand the physiological basis of embryo transfer, and the principles and key operational points of embryo splitting technology.

🔹 Lesson 3: Core Tools and Operational Procedures of Genetic Engineering

Overview: This lesson introduces in detail the three core tools of genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology): restriction endonucleases, DNA ligases, and vectors. Based on this, it systematically elaborates on the four basic operational procedures of genetic engineering: screening and obtaining the target gene (with emphasis on PCR technology), constructing the gene expression vector, introducing the target gene into the recipient cell (with emphasis on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method), and detecting and identifying the target gene. Finally, it demonstrates the wide application of genetic engineering through cases in agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine, and food industries.

Learning Outcomes:

• Be able to briefly describe the functions of restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases and their roles in recombinant DNA technology.
• Be able to summarize the components of a gene expression vector and explain the function of each part.
• Be able to describe the basic principles and process of PCR technology and understand its application in obtaining target genes.

🔹 Lesson 4: Safety and Societal Ethics of Biotechnology

Overview: This lesson focuses on the safety controversies and ethical conflicts arising from biotechnology while it benefits humanity. Through rational analysis of the safety of genetically modified products, China's management policies for agricultural genetically modified organisms, and in-depth discussions on the ethical issues of reproductive cloning of humans, it guides students to establish a scientific and rational value system, clarifying China's guiding principle: "Be bold in research, be prudent in promotion, and be strict in management."

Learning Outcomes:

• Be able to rationally view the safety controversies surrounding genetically modified products and explain China's management policies and labeling system for genetic modification technology.
• Be able to distinguish between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning, and analyze the ethical dilemmas facing reproductive cloning of humans.
• Be able to analyze and discuss topics related to biosafety and ethics encountered in daily life based on scientific facts.