【PEP】Junior High Biology, Grade 8, Volume 2
This course covers the core knowledge of biology for the second semester of Grade 8 in junior high school, focusing on two major units: the continuation and development of life in the biosphere (reproduction, development, genetics, evolution) and healthy living (infectious diseases, immunity, medication and first aid).
Course Overview
Content Summary
This course covers the core knowledge of the eighth-grade second-semester biology curriculum, focusing on two main units: the continuation and development of life in the biosphere (reproduction, development, genetics, evolution) and healthy living (infectious diseases, immunity, medication, and first aid).
Explore the mysteries of life's continuation and establish a scientific and healthy lifestyle.
Author: People's Education Press, Curriculum and Teaching Materials Research Institute, Biology Curriculum and Teaching Materials Research and Development Center
Acknowledgments: This book is supported by multiple research institutions and image-providing units, including Beijing Qixiang Yuzhou Art Design Co., Ltd.
Learning Objectives
- Be able to distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction, and provide examples of the application of asexual reproduction in production practices (e.g., grafting, cutting, tissue culture).
- Be able to describe the reproductive and developmental processes and characteristics of insects (complete and incomplete metamorphosis), amphibians, and birds.
- Be able to identify the structure of a bird egg and explain the function of each part, understanding the adaptability of organisms to the terrestrial environment.
- Be able to accurately describe the hierarchical relationship among chromosomes, DNA, and genes, and explain the laws of gene transmission during the reproductive process.
- Be able to use the principles of Mendel's pea hybridization experiments to analyze the inheritance of dominant and recessive traits, and explain the scientific basis for prohibiting close-relative marriage.
- Be able to distinguish between heritable and non-heritable variation, and explain how the environment and genes jointly affect biological traits.
- Be able to describe the composition of the primitive atmosphere and infer the process of the origin of life based on the Miller-Urey experiment.
- Be able to use comparative methods to analyze fossils, anatomical structures, and molecular biology data, summarizing the overall trends of biological evolution.
- Be able to explain the formation of protective coloration through simulation experiments and use the theory of natural selection to explain the causes of biological evolution.
- Be able to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious diseases, and state the three basic links for the prevalence of infectious diseases and their preventive measures.