Các Mô hình Ngôn ngữ lớn cho Mọi người: Từ Cơ bản đến Ứng dụng Thực tiễn (Bản cập nhật 2026)

This lesson challenges the "API fallacy" by emphasizing that true LLM mastery requires moving beyond high-level wrappers to understand the underlying mathematical foundations of linear algebra, calculus, and tensor mechanics. Students learn that grounding their practice in these core principles is essential for effective debugging, hardware optimization, and transitioning from cloud-based models to localized architectures.

This lesson explores the engineering mechanics behind Transformers, focusing on how Scaled Dot-Product Attention and the QKV framework enable models to process and predict text. Students will learn how to implement these concepts using matrix operations and stability techniques like positional encoding and layer normalization to ensure efficient, stable model training.

This lesson explores how raw base models are transformed into reliable assistants through a post-training pipeline involving supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, and efficient adaptation techniques like LoRA. Students will learn how to build reasoning capabilities and optimize model performance on limited hardware by focusing on targeted parameter updates rather than full-model retraining.

This lesson explores the transition of prompt engineering into a formal discipline, emphasizing the use of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and multi-provider orchestration to ensure system resilience and accuracy. Students learn to move beyond basic heuristics by implementing semantic chunking and architectural safeguards to mitigate hallucinations and prevent single-point-of-failure vulnerabilities in production environments.

This lesson explores the strategic shift toward local LLM deployment to address enterprise needs for data privacy, cost management, and operational resiliency. It also clarifies the critical distinction between OSI-compliant Open Source models and Open Weights models, emphasizing the importance of verifying licensing and usage restrictions for compliance.

This lesson explores the shift from linear AI chains to autonomous agentic workflows, which utilize graph-based architectures to enable cyclic execution, self-correction, and complex decision-making. Students will learn how to leverage state management, the Model Context Protocol (MCP), and multi-agent communication to build intelligent systems capable of reasoning and tool use.

This lesson guides students in transitioning from passive API users to expert architects by mastering autonomous system design, including the Model Context Protocol (MCP) and Agent-to-Agent (A2A) communication. It emphasizes building empirical engineering intuition through local pipelines, rigorous performance evaluation, and an understanding of advanced post-training alignment techniques like GRPO.